Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze molecules, such as DNA, RNA, or proteins, based on their size and charge. In this process, an electric field is applied to a gel or liquid medium, causing the molecules to migrate at different rates toward the positive or negative electrode. Smaller or more highly charged molecules move faster through the medium, allowing for effective separation. Electrophoresis is widely used in applications like DNA fingerprinting, protein purification, and genetic analysis, providing a clear and precise method for studying biomolecules.